Browsing by Author "Fernandez-Zarate, Franklin Hitler"

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Analysis of Germination Curves of Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae) Using Sigmoidal Mathematical Models.
(Hindawi Limited, 2023-01) Quiñones Huatangari, Lenin; Huaccha-Castillo, Annick Estefany; Fernandez-Zarate, Franklin Hitler; Morales-Rojas, Eli; Marrufo-Jiménez, Jenny Del Milagro; Mejía-Córdova, Leslie Lizbeth
Seed germination is the fundamental phenomenon that determines the successful growth and development of each plant species, even more so in Cinchona ofcinalis, which is a forest species that stands out for its medicinal importance. Te objective of this work was to determine the best sigmoidal mathematical model describing the germination of C. ofcinalis. For the germination test, a completely randomized design was used with six treatments and three replicates per treatment; 100°C. ofcinalis seeds were used per replicate, and 1800 seeds were needed in the trial. Gompertz sigmoidal, logistic, and von Bertalanfy models were used to analyse the germination curves of C. ofcinalis. Te results of these adjustments were analysed based on the graphic representation and statistical criteria (Akaike’s value (AIC), R2, and R2 ai). Te results suggest that the Gompertz and logistic models have a better graphic representation, showing values close to those observed, while the von Bertalanfy model shows negative germination values. According to the statistical criteria, the lowest AIC and the highest were obtained. R2 and R2 ai with the Gompertz model, followed by the logistic model and von Bertalanfy. It is concluded that the Gompertz model can represent the shape of the germination curves of C. ofcinalis for the six treatments of the test.
Does substrate influence germination of Cinchona pubescens Vahl. (Rubiaceae)?; ¿Tiene influencia el sustrato sobre la germinación de Cinchona pubescens Vahl. (Rubiaceae)?
(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2022-03) Fernandez-Zarate, Franklin Hitler; Huaccha-Castillo, Annick Estefany; Quiñones Huatangari, Lenin; Sánchez-Santillan, Tito
Cinchona pubescens is an emblematic species of Peru, as it was used as the only effective treatment against malaria for three centuries. This species is threatened by various anthropogenic activities and its propagation depends on the dispersal of seeds whose germination power is low, therefore, it is necessary to conserve and propagate it. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of substrate on the germination of C. pubescens. A completely randomized design was applied with five treatments according to the type of substrate T1 (25% forest soil+75% sand), T2 (50% forest soil+50% sand), T3 (75% forest soil+25% sand), T4 (100% forest soil) and T5 (100% sand), the forest soil was extracted from areas where C. pubescens is naturally present. Three replicates and 100 seeds per replicate were used in the treatments. Germination of C. pubescens started 12 days after sowing until day 42. T4 had a better effect on the index (14.23±0.41), time (24.18±0.69) and germination percentage (88.3±2.88%); followed by treatments T3 and T2. While T5 was the treatment with the least effect on C. pubescens germination. The study indicated that the type of substrate used significantly influences the germination of C. pubescens seeds, so it is suggested to use substrate from natural forest without combination to achieve high germination rates and propagation of this species.
Efecto del sustrato en la germinación de Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae).
(Asociacion Espanola de Ecologia Terrestre, 2022-02) Fernandez-Zarate, Franklin Hitler; Huaccha-Castillo, Annick Estefany; Barturén Vega, Luci Magali; Quiñones Huatangari, Lenin; Santillán, Tito Sánchez
Cinchona officinalis, conocida como árbol de la quina, es una especie emblemática de Perú, con alto valor medicinal, se popularizó por su uso antimalárico y se encuentra en peligro de extinción. El objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar el efecto del sustrato sobre la propagación sexual de C. officinalis. Se aplicó un diseño completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos de acuerdo con el tipo de sustrato T1 (25 % de tierra de bosque + 75 % de arena), T2 (50 % de tierra de bosque + 50 % de arena), T3 (75 % de tierra de bosque + 25 % de arena), T4 (100 % de tierra de bosque) y T5 (100 % de arena). En los tratamientos se emplearon tres repeticiones y 100 semillas por unidad experimental. El inicio de la germinación de C. officinalis ocurrió a partir de los 12 días después de la siembra hasta el día 42. El sustrato tierra de bosque tuvo mejor efecto en el índice (18.45 ± 3.63), velocidad (0.40 ± 0.06), tiempo (21.44 ± 0.98) y porcentaje de germinación (85 % ± 13.23 %); seguido por los tratamientos T3 y T2. Por su parte, T5 fue el tratamiento con menor efecto sobre la germinación de C. officinalis. El estudio evidencia que el tipo de sustrato empleado favoreció el proceso de germinación de semillas de C. officinalis; sugiriendo usar un sustrato procedente de bosques naturales y puro (sin combinación).
Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on germination and initial growth of Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae).
(Taylor and Francis, 2022-09) Fernandez-Zarate, Franklin Hitler; Huaccha-Castillo, Annick Estefany; Quiñones Huatangari, Lenin; Vaca-Marquina, Segundo Primitivo; Sánchez-Santillan, Tito; Morales-Rojas, Eli; Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro; Guelac-Santillan, Marly; Barturén Vega, Luci Magali; Coronel-Bustamante, David
Cinchona officinalis, known locally as cascarilla or cinchona, is a plant species native to South America. It was used as a source of quinine to combat malaria in the 17th century. The species is threatened by various anthropogenic activities. Further, the propagation of the species depends on seed dispersal and its germination capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to conserve and propagate this species. Because C. officinalis seeds have a low germination capacity, we determined the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on their germination and growth. A randomized design was employed with two treatments, one treated with mycorrhizae (CM) and another without mycorrhizae (SM). For each treatment, three replicates of 100 seeds were used. Germination, growth, and fungal characteristics were evaluated. In germination parameters, the CM treatment showed better performance, but the improvement was statistically insignificant. However, the application of AM significantly improved seedling height (cm), root length (cm), leaf area (cm2), and root number by 53.52, 28.72, 29.73, and 61.66%, respectively. Likewise, mycorrhization intensity (%), mycorrhization frequency (%), and extraradical mycelium length (cm) in the CM treatment were 37.13, 3.44, and 174.97% higher compared to the SM treatment, respectively. Therefore, the use of AM fungi proves to be advantageous in the propagation of C. officinalis, and these results provide a basis for the largescale and sustainable propagation of this species.
Effect of synthetic fertilization dose on the diameter increase, height and mortality of Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae)
(Taylor and Francis, 2024-04) Fernandez-Zarate, Franklin Hitler; Huaccha-Castillo, Annick Estefany; Quiñones Huatangari, Lenin; Vaca-Marquina, Segundo Primitivo; Goñas, Malluri; Milla Pino, Manuel Emilio; Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro
Cinchona officinalis, is a South American tree species, commonly used for medicine, and is currently threatened by agricultural expansion and cattle ranching. The objective was to determine the effect of chemical fertilization on the nursery growth to increase growth potential and survival of C. officinalis. A completely randomized design with six treatments and three replicates was used; 20 C. officinalis plants were used per replicate. Two months after transplanting the C. officinalis seedlings to the polyethylene bags, inorganic fertilizer (YaraMila® HYDRAN) was applied. Monthly evaluations were carried out and the number of dead plants, plant height, diameter and number of leaves were recorded. The highest mortality rate was recorded when fertilizer was applied (73%) while in the non-fertilized treatment mortality reached 36%. Regarding the increase in height, diameter and number of leaves in all cases, the best results were obtained in the fertilized treatments, exceeding by 85, 70 and 17% (respectively) those obtained in the treatment to which fertilization was not applied. This study shows the effects that the application of fertilizers to C. officinalis plants at the nursery level can have on growth and mortality variables, the results suggest the use of this product for a sustainable and large-scale production of this species taking into consideration the appropriate dosage.
Nitrous Oxide Emissions Generated in Coffee Cultivation: A Systematic Review.
(Technoscience Publications, 2022-03) Quiñones Huatangari, Lenin; Fernandez-Zarate, Franklin Hitler; Huaccha-Castillo, Annick Estefany
The objective of the research was to provide an overview of soil N2O emissions in coffee cropping systems; summarizing available field data on soil emissions and identifying controlling factors (fertilizer type, precipitation, temperature, altitude). A systematic search of Scopus, Science Direct, Springer, and Scielo for experimental-type studies was conducted from January 2000 to October 2021. Of the seventy manuscripts determined through the search strategy, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Analysis of the included studies revealed that they were conducted in Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua; the rainfall of the fields ranged from 910 mm to 2740 mm per year and the average temperature was 20.3°C. Coffee is planted under agroforestry systems and monocultures; in addition, the most abundant forest species in coffee agroforestry systems are leguminous plants of the Inga and Erytrina genus and 60% of the studies have been developed with the Catuai coffee variety. The pH and humidity of the soil where coffee plantations are developed range from 4.67 to 6.34 and 53.3 to 67.05% respectively. Finally, the fertilizers used are of chemical, organic, and chemical + polymer origin, at fertilization rates ranging from 66 to 400 kg.N.ha-1yr-1 and N2O emissions ranging from 0.2 to 12.8 kg.N.ha-1yr-1. Overall, the present systematic review provides a scientific basis for evaluating N2O emissions generated in coffee crops.
Non-destructive estimation of leaf area and leaf weight of Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae) based on linear models.
(Taylor and Francis, 2023-06) Huaccha-Castillo, Annick Estefany; Fernandez-Zarate, Franklin Hitler; Pérez-Delgado, Luis Jhoseph; Tantalean-Osores, Karla Saith; Vaca-Marquina, Segundo Primitivo; Sánchez-Santillan, Tito; Morales-Rojas, Eli; Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro; Quiñones Huatangari, Lenin
Non-destructive methods that accurately estimate leaf area (LA) and leaf weight (LW) are simple and inexpensive, and represent powerful tools in the development of physiological and agronomic research. The objective of this research is to generate mathematical models for estimating the LA and LW of Cinchona officinalis leaves. A total of 220 leaves were collected from C. officinalis plants 10 months after transplantation. Each leaf was measured for length, width, weight, and leaf area. Data for 80% of leaves were used to form the training set, and data for the remaining 20% were used as the validation set. The training set was used for model fit and choice, whereas the validation set al.lowed assessment of the of the model’s predictive ability. The LA and LW were modeled using seven linear regression models based on the length (L) and width (Wi) of leaves. In addition, the models were assessed based on calculation of the following statistics: goodness of fit (R2), root mean squared error (RMSE), Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), and the deviation between the regression line of the observed versus expected values and the reference line, determined by the area between these lines (ABL). For LA estimation, the model LA ¼ 11.521(Wi) 21.422 (R2 ¼ 0.96, RMSE ¼ 28.16, AIC¼ 3.48, and ABL¼ 140.34) was chosen, while for LW determination, LW ¼ 0.2419(Wi) 0.4936 (R2 ¼ 0.93, RMSE ¼ 0.56, AIC ¼ 37.36, and ABL¼ 0.03) was selected. Finally, the LA and LW of C. officinalis could be estimated through linear regression involving leaf width, proving to be a simple and accurate tool.
Where Are We with Respect to Research in Support of Sustainable Development Goal 13? Bibliometric Analysis.
(International Information and Engineering Technology Association, 2024-12) Fernandez-Zarate, Franklin Hitler; Pérez-Delgado, Luis Jhoseph; Coronel-Bustamante, David; Huanca-Silva, Leisy; Taboada-Mitma, Victor H.; Quispe-Carhuapoma, Mariela; Oliva-Alvarez, Yashira; Huaccha-Castillo, Annick Estefany; Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro; Quiñones Huatangari, Lenin; Ocaña-Zuñiga. Candy Lisbeth; Morales-Rojas, Eli; Vaca-Marquina, Segundo; Miguel-Miguel, Hugo; Cruz-Luis, Juancarlos
Climate change is one of the main global challenges, addressed in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13, which seeks to “take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts”. The objective of the research was to analyze scientific articles that directly relate to SDG 13 through a bibliometric analysis for the period 2015 to 2024 of the Scopus database using the search term “SDG 13” OR “Sustainable Development Goal 13”. The research identified prolific authors, articles, sources with the highest impact in the area of study, leading institutions and countries in publications along with a detailed keyword analysis. The results show that interest in the study of SDG 13 has grown significantly with a focus on areas such as mitigation and adaptation, low carbon economy and public policy. This analysis provides an overview of advances in SDG 13 research, helps to identify knowledge gaps and emerging areas, and contributes to the formulation of effective policies and the drive for global climate action.