Browsing by Author "Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro"

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Cultivar loss and conservation of genetic resources of the phureja potato (Solanum phureja L., Phureja Group) in Peru.
(Bioversity International, 2025-07) Seminario, Juan F.; Concha-Tupayachi, Leónidas S.; Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro; Medina-Hinostrosa, Tulio; Silva, Wilsser
Solanum tuberosum L. Phureja Group, known in Peru as ‘phureja potato’ or ‘chaucha potato’ and as ‘criolla’ in Colombia, is characterized by its earliness and the absence of dormancy in the tubers. It stands out for its nutritional value and its contribution to food security. However, it faces a high risk of disappearance in Peru. This study assessed its current status by collecting historical data, ex situ and in situ conservation analyses, and genetic erosion studies in local communities. Historical information suggests that phureja was relevant and abundant in the past. Currently, ex situ collections include 69 accessions, of which the International Potato Center conserves a significant portion. As for in situ conservation, 116 accessions have been identified. However, since 1992, genetic erosion has been documented in six departments of Peru. The main causes include: lack of time for continuous cultivation, prioritization of dairy farming, low seed quality, preference for more commercial modern or traditional cultivars, and the expansion of mining projects. The critical situation of the phureja potato requires urgent measures to collect new information and evaluate the remaining genetic variability. This assessment is essential to develop conservation and sustainability strategies to ensure its survival and its contribution to Peru’s food and cultural well-being.
Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on germination and initial growth of Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae).
(Taylor and Francis, 2022-09) Fernandez-Zarate, Franklin Hitler; Huaccha-Castillo, Annick Estefany; Quiñones Huatangari, Lenin; Vaca-Marquina, Segundo Primitivo; Sánchez-Santillan, Tito; Morales-Rojas, Eli; Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro; Guelac-Santillan, Marly; Barturén Vega, Luci Magali; Coronel-Bustamante, David
Cinchona officinalis, known locally as cascarilla or cinchona, is a plant species native to South America. It was used as a source of quinine to combat malaria in the 17th century. The species is threatened by various anthropogenic activities. Further, the propagation of the species depends on seed dispersal and its germination capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to conserve and propagate this species. Because C. officinalis seeds have a low germination capacity, we determined the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on their germination and growth. A randomized design was employed with two treatments, one treated with mycorrhizae (CM) and another without mycorrhizae (SM). For each treatment, three replicates of 100 seeds were used. Germination, growth, and fungal characteristics were evaluated. In germination parameters, the CM treatment showed better performance, but the improvement was statistically insignificant. However, the application of AM significantly improved seedling height (cm), root length (cm), leaf area (cm2), and root number by 53.52, 28.72, 29.73, and 61.66%, respectively. Likewise, mycorrhization intensity (%), mycorrhization frequency (%), and extraradical mycelium length (cm) in the CM treatment were 37.13, 3.44, and 174.97% higher compared to the SM treatment, respectively. Therefore, the use of AM fungi proves to be advantageous in the propagation of C. officinalis, and these results provide a basis for the largescale and sustainable propagation of this species.
Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae on the growth of Cinchona officinalis L. (rubiaceae) in nursery.
(Taylor and Francis, 2024-04) Fernández-Zárate, Franklin Hitler; Huaccha-Castillo, Annick Estefany; Quiñones Huatangari, Lenin; Vaca-Marquina, Segundo Primitivo; Sánchez-Santillan, Tito; Guelac-Santillan, Marly; Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro
Cinchona officinalis, commonly called cascarilla or quina, has medicinal value; and is on Peru’s national coat of arms representing its plant wealth (flora), however, it is threatened by anthropogenic activities. This study aimed to determine the effect of the commercial product Myco Grow on the growth of C. officinalis in nursery. A randomized design was used with two treatments, one with Myco Grow application (WM) and the other without incorporating this commercial product (NM). Each treatment had three replicates consisting of 30 plants each. Monthly evaluations were performed, during which the number of dead plants, plant height, and plant diameter were recorded. Additionally, at the end of the study, the anhydrous weight of leaves, stems, and roots; leaf area; mycorrhizal frequency; mycorrhizal colonization index; and the length of extra-radicular mycelia were determined. The WM treatment achieved 36.6% lower mortality, 38.01% greater height, and 48.52% greater diameter than the NM treatment. Additionally, inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) improved the anhydrous weights of the leaves, stems, roots, and leaf area by 84.31%, 84.28%, 70.85%, and 76.91%, respectively. Regarding the three fungal variables analyzed for the WM treatment; mycorrhizal frequency was 87%, AM application led to a mycorrhizal intensity of 7.7% and an extra-radicular mycelium length of 90.3cm. This study confirmed that AM positively influences the growth of C. officinalis in the nursery and can be used to sustainably produce this species on a large scale.
Effect of synthetic fertilization dose on the diameter increase, height and mortality of Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae)
(Taylor and Francis, 2024-04) Fernandez-Zarate, Franklin Hitler; Huaccha-Castillo, Annick Estefany; Quiñones Huatangari, Lenin; Vaca-Marquina, Segundo Primitivo; Goñas, Malluri; Milla Pino, Manuel Emilio; Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro
Cinchona officinalis, is a South American tree species, commonly used for medicine, and is currently threatened by agricultural expansion and cattle ranching. The objective was to determine the effect of chemical fertilization on the nursery growth to increase growth potential and survival of C. officinalis. A completely randomized design with six treatments and three replicates was used; 20 C. officinalis plants were used per replicate. Two months after transplanting the C. officinalis seedlings to the polyethylene bags, inorganic fertilizer (YaraMila® HYDRAN) was applied. Monthly evaluations were carried out and the number of dead plants, plant height, diameter and number of leaves were recorded. The highest mortality rate was recorded when fertilizer was applied (73%) while in the non-fertilized treatment mortality reached 36%. Regarding the increase in height, diameter and number of leaves in all cases, the best results were obtained in the fertilized treatments, exceeding by 85, 70 and 17% (respectively) those obtained in the treatment to which fertilization was not applied. This study shows the effects that the application of fertilizers to C. officinalis plants at the nursery level can have on growth and mortality variables, the results suggest the use of this product for a sustainable and large-scale production of this species taking into consideration the appropriate dosage.
Estimating the site quality of Cinchona pubescens (Rubiaceae) in La Palma montane forest, province of Chota, Peru.
(Fundacion Miguel Lillo, 2023-12) Rufasto-Peralta, Yennifer L.; Baselly-Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo; Alva-Mendoza, Denisse M.; Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro; Gonzales Elera, Duberli Geomar; Villena-Velásquez, Jim J.
The genus Cinchona L. (Rubiaceae) has 23 species, of which 19 are distributed in Peru. Although it is a very important genus worldwide, its habitats are being degraded at an accelerated rate. No research on the site quality of these species has been conducted, making it difficult to devise habitat recovery plans. The objective of the research was to estimate the site quality of Cinchona pubescens Vahl., in La Palma montane forest, located in the district and province of Chota, Cajamarca region, Peru. Three circular plots of 500 m2 (r =12.6 m) were established, and the total height and circumference at breast height of the trees were measured. An analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the existence of site classes. Climatic, physiographic and edaphic variables were obtained and correlated with tree height to explain their relationship; in addition, a Principal Component Analysis was performed to explain the variability of the studied variables. No statistical difference was detected between the mean heights of the trees, since all the plots presented similar site quality. The edaphoclimatic factors were not correlated with height. However, the Principal Component Analysis showed that edaphic variables had a greater influence on the height of Cinchona pubescens Vahl. than climatic and topographic variables. This species grows in sandy loam soils, with a strongly acid pH and medium to high concentrations of some elements, such as organic matter, P, K and N.
Factores asociados a los cambios en las bebidas nutacéuticas de venta ambulatoria en la ciudad de Cajamarca (Perú)
(Instituto de Botanica del Nordeste, 2023-02) Seminario, Juan F.; Cruzado-Ortiz, Adonay M.; Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro; Escalante, Lucia E.; Rodríguez López, Silvia Y.
Las bebidas de plantas medicinales que se venden en las calles del Perú, constituyen alimentos nutracéuticos tradicionales, poco estudiados. Se evaluaron los cambios y los factores socioeconómicos asociados a estos cambios, en las bebidas que se expenden en la ciudad de Cajamarca (Perú), entre 2004 y 2018. Se aplicaron encuestas, entrevistas, observación directa y observación participativa. El número de bebidas ofertadas varió de 6 a 12. Salió del mercado la carreta de “maca” (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) y entró la de jugo de “caña de azúcar” (Saccharum officinarum L.). El número de carretas se incrementó en 84% y la de jugo de “naranja” [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] se convirtió en la más importante. Las especies medicinales usadas disminuyeron en 26%, con exclusiones, inclusiones y nuevas combinaciones y, fueron recomendadas para nueve tipos de afecciones. La demanda general creció en 251%. Los factores más importantes asociados a los cambios fueron el crecimiento de la población flotante (universitarios, trabajadores mineros y turistas) y la relevancia o “boom” de la gastronomía peruana. Las bebidas lograron posicionarse y crecer, mediante diversificación y mejoras. Esta investigación aporta información sobre la dinámica de las bebidas y las plantas usadas y tiene carácter histórico para la ciudad de Cajamarca y el Perú.
Land Use and Land Cover Change from 1998–2024 in the Shumba Watershed, Peru: A Remote Sensing-Based Assessment.
(International Information and Engineering Technology Association, 2025-06) Quispe, Mariela J.; Callirgos, Noemi; Sánchez, Segundo; Sandoval, Henry; Coronel-Bustamante, David; Pérez-Delgado, Luis Jhoseph; Oliva, Yashira; Taboada-Mitma, Victor; Cruz-Luis, Juan Carlos Alejandro; Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro; Huaccha-Castillo, Annick E.; Atalaya-Marin, Nilton; Gomez-Fernandez, Darwin; . Fernandez-Zarate, Franklin H.
The Shumba watershed, located in the province of Jaén, played an essential role in the ecological balance and water supply of the region. The objective of this study was to analyze changes in land cover and land use between 1998 and 2024, using spectral indices of vegetation, soil, and water derived from Landsat 5 and 8 images. The processing was performed in Google Earth Engine and ArcGIS 10.5, applying the Random Forest algorithm for supervised classification. The results indicate an increase of 2708.11 ha in the category “Mosaic of crops, pastures and natural spaces” and 122.50 ha in “Continuous urban fabric”. In contrast, reductions were recorded in “Shrub/herbaceous vegetation” (- 1867.32 ha), “High dense forest” (-462.86 ha), “Transient crops” (-446.25 ha), and “Bare land” (-54.17 ha). Validation of the classification yielded an overall accuracy of 0.90 and a Kappa coefficient of 0.88, which supports the reliability of the results. These changes show significant transformations in the landscape, providing key information for territorial planning and the implementation of environmental conservation policies.
Medical ethnobotany of the Peña Blanca hamlet – Tacabamba, province of Chota, Cajamarca; Etnobotánica médica del caserío Peña Blanca – Tacabamba, provincia de Chota, Cajamarca.
(Fundacion Miguel Lillo, 2025-03) Zulueta-Tantalean, Dila; Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro; Quiroz-Gonzáles, José M.; García-Llatas, Luis. F.; Muñoz-Chavarry, Pacífico; Dávila-Estela, Luis; Villena-Velásquez, Jim J.
Ethnobotany compiles past and present knowledge generated by human societies. The hamlet of Peña Blanca, district of Tacabamba (Chota), does not have ethnobotanical studies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the medicinal ethnobotanical uses in this hamlet. Semi structured surveys were applied to 82 people, including men and women. Sixty-three medicinal species belonging to 30 families were identified, being Asteraceae (11 spp.) is the most representative family. Ethnobotanical knowledge is transmitted from parents to children (99%) and from grandparents to grandchildren (1%). Twenty-seven species are used to treat digestive diseases. Fresh leaves are generally used to treat different conditions (44.44%), the primary preparation method is cooking (84.13%), followed by consumption as drink (71.43%), the administration of 59 species is recommended once a day (93.65%). On the other hand, the species with the highest use value were eucalyptus, willow and cypress. Finally, the species studied present alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenes and phenolic compounds.
Non-destructive estimation of leaf area and leaf weight of Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae) based on linear models.
(Taylor and Francis, 2023-06) Huaccha-Castillo, Annick Estefany; Fernandez-Zarate, Franklin Hitler; Pérez-Delgado, Luis Jhoseph; Tantalean-Osores, Karla Saith; Vaca-Marquina, Segundo Primitivo; Sánchez-Santillan, Tito; Morales-Rojas, Eli; Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro; Quiñones Huatangari, Lenin
Non-destructive methods that accurately estimate leaf area (LA) and leaf weight (LW) are simple and inexpensive, and represent powerful tools in the development of physiological and agronomic research. The objective of this research is to generate mathematical models for estimating the LA and LW of Cinchona officinalis leaves. A total of 220 leaves were collected from C. officinalis plants 10 months after transplantation. Each leaf was measured for length, width, weight, and leaf area. Data for 80% of leaves were used to form the training set, and data for the remaining 20% were used as the validation set. The training set was used for model fit and choice, whereas the validation set al.lowed assessment of the of the model’s predictive ability. The LA and LW were modeled using seven linear regression models based on the length (L) and width (Wi) of leaves. In addition, the models were assessed based on calculation of the following statistics: goodness of fit (R2), root mean squared error (RMSE), Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), and the deviation between the regression line of the observed versus expected values and the reference line, determined by the area between these lines (ABL). For LA estimation, the model LA ¼ 11.521(Wi) 21.422 (R2 ¼ 0.96, RMSE ¼ 28.16, AIC¼ 3.48, and ABL¼ 140.34) was chosen, while for LW determination, LW ¼ 0.2419(Wi) 0.4936 (R2 ¼ 0.93, RMSE ¼ 0.56, AIC ¼ 37.36, and ABL¼ 0.03) was selected. Finally, the LA and LW of C. officinalis could be estimated through linear regression involving leaf width, proving to be a simple and accurate tool.
Seedling descriptors and new grouping of the Tara spinosa germoplasm from the Cajamarca region, Peru.
(Instituto de Botanica del Nordeste, 2024-02) Villena-Velásquez, Jim J.; Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro; Soto-Sánchez, Sergio; Valderrama-Cabrera, Miguel A.; Seminario, Juan F.
Tara spinosa (Molina) Britton & Rose (Fabaceae), known as “tara” or “taya”, probably native to Peru, grows from sea level to 3000 m a.s.l., and is important for the tannins and gum contained in its pods and seeds, respectively. The objectives were to define and validate morphological seedling descriptors and to characterize “tara” germplasm from the Cajamarca region (58 entries from nine provinces) by integrating fruit, seed and seedling descriptors. Seven highly discriminating seedling descriptors were identified, with cotyledon descriptors being the most important. Characterization of “tara” from Cajamarca germplasm with 18 integrated descriptors (six fruit, five seed and seven seedling) allowed a new clustering, in seven groups, indicating close variability (86% duplicates).
Where Are We with Respect to Research in Support of Sustainable Development Goal 13? Bibliometric Analysis.
(International Information and Engineering Technology Association, 2024-12) Fernandez-Zarate, Franklin Hitler; Pérez-Delgado, Luis Jhoseph; Coronel-Bustamante, David; Huanca-Silva, Leisy; Taboada-Mitma, Victor H.; Quispe-Carhuapoma, Mariela; Oliva-Alvarez, Yashira; Huaccha-Castillo, Annick Estefany; Seminario-Cunya, Alejandro; Quiñones Huatangari, Lenin; Ocaña-Zuñiga. Candy Lisbeth; Morales-Rojas, Eli; Vaca-Marquina, Segundo; Miguel-Miguel, Hugo; Cruz-Luis, Juancarlos
Climate change is one of the main global challenges, addressed in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13, which seeks to “take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts”. The objective of the research was to analyze scientific articles that directly relate to SDG 13 through a bibliometric analysis for the period 2015 to 2024 of the Scopus database using the search term “SDG 13” OR “Sustainable Development Goal 13”. The research identified prolific authors, articles, sources with the highest impact in the area of study, leading institutions and countries in publications along with a detailed keyword analysis. The results show that interest in the study of SDG 13 has grown significantly with a focus on areas such as mitigation and adaptation, low carbon economy and public policy. This analysis provides an overview of advances in SDG 13 research, helps to identify knowledge gaps and emerging areas, and contributes to the formulation of effective policies and the drive for global climate action.